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A&P I
A&P II
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Anatomy & Physiology I
A&P I · Unit 1
The Human Body: An Orientation
The language of anatomy, levels of organization and homeostasis
Guidebook
Anatomy, physiology & life
Lesson 1 · 10 exercises
Levels & organ systems
Lesson 2 · 10 exercises
Homeostasis & feedback
Lesson 3 · 11 exercises
Directions on the body
Lesson 4 · 15 exercises
Regions & planes
Lesson 5 · 11 exercises
Body cavities & serosae
Lesson 6 · 15 exercises
Abdominal regions & quadrants
Lesson 7 · 13 exercises
Unit 1 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P I · Unit 2
Chemistry Comes Alive
Atoms, bonds, water, pH and the molecules of life
Guidebook
Matter, energy & atoms
Lesson 1 · 10 exercises
Chemical bonds
Lesson 2 · 10 exercises
Reactions
Lesson 3 · 9 exercises
Water, acids, bases & pH
Lesson 4 · 11 exercises
Carbohydrates & lipids
Lesson 5 · 10 exercises
Proteins & enzymes
Lesson 6 · 10 exercises
Nucleic acids & ATP
Lesson 7 · 14 exercises
Unit 2 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P I · Unit 3
Cells: The Living Units
The plasma membrane, transport, organelles, division and protein synthesis
Guidebook
Cell basics & the membrane
Lesson 1 · 9 exercises
Passive transport & tonicity
Lesson 2 · 10 exercises
Active & vesicular transport
Lesson 3 · 9 exercises
Organelles
Lesson 4 · 14 exercises
Mitochondria & nucleus
Lesson 5 · 12 exercises
Cell cycle & mitosis
Lesson 6 · 10 exercises
DNA replication & protein synthesis
Lesson 7 · 10 exercises
Unit 3 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P I · Unit 4
Tissue: The Living Fabric
Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue — and how tissues repair
Guidebook
Tissues & epithelial features
Lesson 1 · 8 exercises
Classifying epithelia
Lesson 2 · 15 exercises
Glands
Lesson 3 · 7 exercises
Connective tissue basics
Lesson 4 · 13 exercises
Types of connective tissue
Lesson 5 · 15 exercises
Muscle, nervous tissue & membranes
Lesson 6 · 9 exercises
Tissue repair
Lesson 7 · 8 exercises
Unit 4 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P I · Unit 5
The Integumentary System
Skin layers, hair, nails, glands, functions — and burns & skin cancer
Guidebook
Skin structure & epidermal cells
Lesson 1 · 7 exercises
Layers of the epidermis
Lesson 2 · 13 exercises
Dermis & skin colour
Lesson 3 · 13 exercises
Hair & nails
Lesson 4 · 12 exercises
Glands & receptors
Lesson 5 · 13 exercises
What skin does
Lesson 6 · 7 exercises
Skin cancer & burns
Lesson 7 · 9 exercises
Unit 5 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P I · Unit 6
Bones & Skeletal Tissues
Bone structure, histology, ossification, remodeling and fractures
Guidebook
Cartilage & bone classification
Lesson 1 · 13 exercises
Anatomy of a long bone
Lesson 2 · 14 exercises
Bone tissue under the microscope
Lesson 3 · 15 exercises
Ossification & growth
Lesson 4 · 13 exercises
Remodeling & calcium
Lesson 5 · 7 exercises
Fractures & repair
Lesson 6 · 12 exercises
Bone disorders
Lesson 7 · 6 exercises
Unit 6 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P I · Unit 7
The Skeleton
Skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, girdles and limbs
Guidebook
Axial vs appendicular
Lesson 1 · 11 exercises
Cranial bones & sutures
Lesson 2 · 13 exercises
Facial bones
Lesson 3 · 13 exercises
Vertebral column
Lesson 4 · 15 exercises
Thoracic cage
Lesson 5 · 11 exercises
Upper limb
Lesson 6 · 14 exercises
Pelvis & lower limb
Lesson 7 · 16 exercises
Unit 7 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P I · Unit 8
Joints
Classification of joints, synovial joint structure, movements and injuries
Guidebook
Classifying joints
Lesson 1 · 8 exercises
Synovial joint structure
Lesson 2 · 12 exercises
Body movements
Lesson 3 · 8 exercises
Types of synovial joints
Lesson 4 · 7 exercises
Shoulder, hip & knee
Lesson 5 · 12 exercises
Joint disorders
Lesson 6 · 6 exercises
Unit 8 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P I · Unit 9
Muscles & Muscle Tissue
Skeletal muscle structure, excitation–contraction coupling, energy and smooth muscle
Guidebook
Muscle basics & wrappings
Lesson 1 · 7 exercises
The sarcomere
Lesson 2 · 15 exercises
Sliding filaments
Lesson 3 · 7 exercises
Neuromuscular junction
Lesson 4 · 7 exercises
Excitation–contraction & cross-bridges
Lesson 5 · 6 exercises
Whole-muscle contraction
Lesson 6 · 8 exercises
Energy, fatigue & fiber types
Lesson 7 · 8 exercises
Smooth & cardiac muscle
Lesson 8 · 8 exercises
Unit 9 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P I · Unit 10
The Muscular System
How muscles work together, how they're named, and the major muscles of the body
Guidebook
Roles & naming
Lesson 1 · 8 exercises
Levers & fascicles
Lesson 2 · 7 exercises
Head, neck & face
Lesson 3 · 12 exercises
Trunk
Lesson 4 · 12 exercises
Shoulder & arm
Lesson 5 · 11 exercises
Hip & leg
Lesson 6 · 14 exercises
Unit 10 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P I · Unit 11
Fundamentals of the Nervous System & Nervous Tissue
Organization, neurons and glia, membrane potentials, action potentials and synapses
Guidebook
Organization
Lesson 1 · 7 exercises
Neuroglia
Lesson 2 · 10 exercises
Neuron structure
Lesson 3 · 15 exercises
Resting & graded potentials
Lesson 4 · 6 exercises
The action potential
Lesson 5 · 10 exercises
Synapses
Lesson 6 · 13 exercises
Unit 11 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P I · Unit 12
The Central Nervous System
Brain regions, cortex, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum, protection and the spinal cord
Guidebook
Brain regions & development
Lesson 1 · 12 exercises
Lobes & cortex
Lesson 2 · 15 exercises
Diencephalon, brain stem & cerebellum
Lesson 3 · 10 exercises
Limbic system & higher functions
Lesson 4 · 7 exercises
Meninges & CSF
Lesson 5 · 13 exercises
Spinal cord
Lesson 6 · 14 exercises
CNS disorders
Lesson 7 · 6 exercises
Unit 12 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P I · Unit 13
The Peripheral Nervous System & Reflex Activity
Sensory receptors, nerves, the 12 cranial nerves, spinal nerves and plexuses, reflexes
Guidebook
Sensory receptors
Lesson 1 · 7 exercises
Nerves
Lesson 2 · 12 exercises
Cranial nerves
Lesson 3 · 15 exercises
Spinal nerves & plexuses
Lesson 4 · 15 exercises
Reflexes
Lesson 5 · 7 exercises
Unit 13 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P I · Unit 14
The Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic vs parasympathetic, neurotransmitters, receptors and control
Guidebook
ANS vs somatic
Lesson 1 · 7 exercises
Two divisions
Lesson 2 · 14 exercises
Effects on organs
Lesson 3 · 7 exercises
Receptors & drugs
Lesson 4 · 8 exercises
Control & tone
Lesson 5 · 6 exercises
Unit 14 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P I · Unit 15
The Special Senses
Vision, smell, taste, hearing and equilibrium
Guidebook
Accessory structures & muscles
Lesson 1 · 11 exercises
The eyeball
Lesson 2 · 15 exercises
Focusing
Lesson 3 · 6 exercises
Photoreceptors & pathway
Lesson 4 · 13 exercises
Smell & taste
Lesson 5 · 12 exercises
The ear
Lesson 6 · 11 exercises
Hearing
Lesson 7 · 7 exercises
Equilibrium
Lesson 8 · 6 exercises
Unit 15 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
Anatomy & Physiology II
A&P II · Unit 16
The Endocrine System
Hormones, receptors, feedback control and the major endocrine glands
Guidebook
Hormone basics
Lesson 1 · 11 exercises
Mechanisms & control
Lesson 2 · 8 exercises
Pituitary
Lesson 3 · 14 exercises
Thyroid & parathyroid
Lesson 4 · 13 exercises
Adrenal glands
Lesson 5 · 7 exercises
Pancreas & diabetes
Lesson 6 · 8 exercises
Unit 16 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P II · Unit 17
Blood
Plasma, red and white blood cells, platelets, hemostasis and blood typing
Guidebook
Blood composition
Lesson 1 · 8 exercises
Red blood cells
Lesson 2 · 10 exercises
White blood cells
Lesson 3 · 12 exercises
Hemostasis
Lesson 4 · 10 exercises
Blood typing
Lesson 5 · 8 exercises
Unit 17 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P II · Unit 18
The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
Anatomy, blood flow, conduction, the ECG, the cardiac cycle and cardiac output
Guidebook
Location & layers
Lesson 1 · 13 exercises
Chambers & valves
Lesson 2 · 13 exercises
Blood flow & coronaries
Lesson 3 · 12 exercises
Conduction system
Lesson 4 · 13 exercises
The ECG
Lesson 5 · 7 exercises
Cardiac cycle
Lesson 6 · 7 exercises
Cardiac output
Lesson 7 · 8 exercises
Unit 18 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P II · Unit 19
The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels
Vessel structure, blood pressure, capillary exchange and the major circulatory routes
Guidebook
Vessel structure
Lesson 1 · 15 exercises
Flow, pressure & resistance
Lesson 2 · 7 exercises
Regulating blood pressure
Lesson 3 · 8 exercises
Capillary exchange
Lesson 4 · 11 exercises
Arteries & routes
Lesson 5 · 13 exercises
Veins & portal system
Lesson 6 · 12 exercises
Unit 19 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P II · Unit 20
The Lymphatic System & Lymphoid Organs
Lymph vessels, lymph flow, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils and MALT
Guidebook
Lymph & lymph flow
Lesson 1 · 13 exercises
Lymphoid cells & nodes
Lesson 2 · 12 exercises
Spleen, thymus & tonsils
Lesson 3 · 13 exercises
Clinical lymphatics
Lesson 4 · 7 exercises
Unit 20 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P II · Unit 21
The Immune System: Innate & Adaptive Defenses
Barriers, inflammation, antigens, T and B cells, antibodies and immune disorders
Guidebook
Innate defenses
Lesson 1 · 8 exercises
Inflammation
Lesson 2 · 6 exercises
Antigens & lymphocytes
Lesson 3 · 7 exercises
B cells & antibodies
Lesson 4 · 15 exercises
T cells
Lesson 5 · 7 exercises
Immune disorders
Lesson 6 · 6 exercises
Unit 21 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P II · Unit 22
The Respiratory System
Airways, lungs, ventilation, gas exchange, gas transport and control of breathing
Guidebook
Airways
Lesson 1 · 13 exercises
Trachea, bronchi & lungs
Lesson 2 · 14 exercises
Breathing mechanics
Lesson 3 · 8 exercises
Volumes & capacities
Lesson 4 · 7 exercises
Gas exchange & transport
Lesson 5 · 9 exercises
Control & disorders
Lesson 6 · 8 exercises
Unit 22 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P II · Unit 23
The Digestive System
GI tract wall, mouth to anus, accessory organs and chemical digestion
Guidebook
Overview & GI wall
Lesson 1 · 8 exercises
Mouth to esophagus
Lesson 2 · 13 exercises
The stomach
Lesson 3 · 14 exercises
Liver, gallbladder & pancreas
Lesson 4 · 14 exercises
Small intestine & absorption
Lesson 5 · 9 exercises
Large intestine
Lesson 6 · 13 exercises
Unit 23 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P II · Unit 24
Nutrition, Metabolism & Energy Balance
Nutrients, cellular respiration, absorptive and postabsorptive states, and body temperature
Guidebook
Nutrients
Lesson 1 · 7 exercises
Cellular respiration
Lesson 2 · 10 exercises
Glycogen, fat & protein
Lesson 3 · 7 exercises
Metabolic states & the liver
Lesson 4 · 7 exercises
Energy balance & temperature
Lesson 5 · 8 exercises
Unit 24 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P II · Unit 25
The Urinary System
Kidney anatomy, the nephron, filtration, reabsorption, secretion and micturition
Guidebook
Kidney anatomy & blood supply
Lesson 1 · 12 exercises
The nephron
Lesson 2 · 13 exercises
Filtration & GFR
Lesson 3 · 7 exercises
Reabsorption & secretion
Lesson 4 · 7 exercises
Concentrating urine
Lesson 5 · 7 exercises
Clearance, urine & micturition
Lesson 6 · 13 exercises
Unit 25 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P II · Unit 26
Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid–Base Balance
Body water compartments, water and sodium balance, electrolytes, buffers and acid–base disorders
Guidebook
Body fluid compartments
Lesson 1 · 8 exercises
Water balance
Lesson 2 · 7 exercises
Electrolytes & hormones
Lesson 3 · 7 exercises
Buffers & pH control
Lesson 4 · 8 exercises
Acid–base disorders
Lesson 5 · 9 exercises
Unit 26 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P II · Unit 27
The Reproductive System
Male and female anatomy, meiosis, gametogenesis, hormones and the ovarian and uterine cycles
Guidebook
Male anatomy
Lesson 1 · 13 exercises
Meiosis & spermatogenesis
Lesson 2 · 8 exercises
Male hormones
Lesson 3 · 6 exercises
Female anatomy
Lesson 4 · 12 exercises
Oogenesis & the ovarian cycle
Lesson 5 · 7 exercises
Hormones & the menstrual cycle
Lesson 6 · 8 exercises
Reproductive disorders
Lesson 7 · 7 exercises
Unit 27 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P II · Unit 28
Pregnancy & Human Development
Fertilization, implantation, the placenta, embryonic and fetal development, labor and lactation
Guidebook
Fertilization
Lesson 1 · 7 exercises
Cleavage & implantation
Lesson 2 · 7 exercises
Placenta & membranes
Lesson 3 · 7 exercises
Germ layers & neurulation
Lesson 4 · 8 exercises
Fetal circulation
Lesson 5 · 6 exercises
Pregnancy, labor & lactation
Lesson 6 · 10 exercises
Unit 28 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
A&P II · Unit 29
Heredity
Genes and alleles, Mendelian crosses, inheritance patterns, sex-linked traits and chromosomal disorders
Guidebook
Genetic vocabulary
Lesson 1 · 7 exercises
Variation & Punnett squares
Lesson 2 · 8 exercises
Inheritance patterns
Lesson 3 · 8 exercises
Sex-linked inheritance
Lesson 4 · 7 exercises
Chromosomal disorders & screening
Lesson 5 · 12 exercises
Unit 29 checkpoint
Mixed questions from the whole unit
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